warsulis aCrdilidan...
,,Selamazebuli” ,,simaxinje”
Cveni qveynis XX saukunis istoriis gansakuTrebiT mtkivneul Temas 1937-1938 wlebis “didi terori” warmoadgens.politikuri represiebi ruseTSi 1917 wlidan, xolo saqarTveloSi 1921 wlidan iwyeba. 30_iani wlebis represiebis maStaburoba da sisastike ganpirobebuli iyo ramdenime mizeziT: mosaxleobis umravlesobas,romelTac marTlac hqondaT rwmena ideologiisa da socialisturi wyobis Seqmnisa,imedi gaucruvdaT. maT Tvalwin Camoyalibda Zalmomreobaze damyarebuli sistema, romelic fexqveS Telavda adamianis uflebebs da adamians aqcevda politikuri sistemis brma Semsruleblad.
,,Selamazebuli” ,,simaxinje”
Cveni qveynis XX saukunis istoriis gansakuTrebiT mtkivneul Temas 1937-1938 wlebis “didi terori” warmoadgens.politikuri represiebi ruseTSi 1917 wlidan, xolo saqarTveloSi 1921 wlidan iwyeba. 30_iani wlebis represiebis maStaburoba da sisastike ganpirobebuli iyo ramdenime mizeziT: mosaxleobis umravlesobas,romelTac marTlac hqondaT rwmena ideologiisa da socialisturi wyobis Seqmnisa,imedi gaucruvdaT. maT Tvalwin Camoyalibda Zalmomreobaze damyarebuli sistema, romelic fexqveS Telavda adamianis uflebebs da adamians aqcevda politikuri sistemis brma Semsruleblad.
represia-gaTelili
ideebi
ioseb
stalinma da misma Tanamoazreebma gadawyvites, politikuri Zalauflebis
SenarCunebis mizniT,daewyoT didi politikuri ,,wmenda” ,politikur represiebs
saqarTveloSi atarebda lavrenti beria.
saqarTveloSi 30_iani wlebis saxelmwifo represiebi aTobiT aTas adamians Seexo da
albaT ar darCenila ojaxi,sadac am tragikul movlenas Tavisi kvali ar
daetovebina. gasamarTlebulTa
mimarT sasjelis umaRlesi zomis-daxvretis ganaCenis sisruleSi moyvana ramdenime
qalaqSi masobrivad xdeboda : TbilisSi , quTaisSi , baTumSi da soxumSi.
rogorc saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivSi (yofili saxelmwifo
uSiSroebis komitetis (КГБ) arqivi) daculi dokumentebidan
irkveva, q.Tbilisidan 18 kilometrSi,sofel siRanlulTan, es adgili dResdReobiT mdebareobs Tbilis-rusTavis gzatkeci
politikur represiad miiCneva iZulebis sxvadasxva forma- sicocxlis xelyofa, janmrTelobis dazianeba,Tavisuflebis aRkveTa,gadasaxleba,SromaSi iZulebiT Cabma,qonebis CamorTmeva da ganadgureba,agreTve saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT garantirebuli adamianis uflebebis an Tavisuflebis sxvagvari SezRudva,romelic saxelmwifom ganaxorciela politikuri motiviT sasamarTlos an sxva saxelmwifo organos gadawyvetilebiT da dakavSirebuli iyo danaSaulis CadenaSi yalb braldebasTan.
politikuri represiis msxverplad miiCneva piri,romelmac uSualod ganicada politikuri represia,aseve represiis msxverplad miiCneva politikuri represiis msxverplis meuRle , Svili (naSvilebi) , mSobeli da naTesavi,romelic masTan erTad imyofeboda Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgilebSi,gadasaxlebaSi,specialuri dasaxlebis adgilas.
gansakuTrebiT represiebis msxverplni gaxdnen qarTuli inteligenciis warmomadgenlebi: mixeil javaxiSvili, tician tabiZe, valerian gafrindaSvili, vaxtang kotetiSvili, petre ocxeli, paolo iaSvilma Tavi moikla mweralTa kavSiris SenobaSi, ivane javaxiSvili universitetidan gaaZeves, grigol robaqiZe sazRvargareT gaiqca. qarTuli kulturis moRvaweTa didma nawilma mravali weli gadasaxlebaSi da cixeebSi gaatara. sikvdiliT iqna dasjili : mixeil kaxiani, mamia oraxelaSvili,mixeil okuWava da sxva.
yoveli maTgani gasamarTlebuli iqna rogorc xalxis mteri. maTi gasamarTleba pirad kontrolze yavda ayvanili lavrenti berias da misi uSualo miTiTebebiT moxda aTaseulobiT qarTveli ojaxis daobleba da gaubedureba.
diqtaturidan-demokratiamde.
1936 wlis zafxulSi Seiqmna specialuri sakonstitucio komisia,romelsac stalini xelmZRvanelobda. 12 ivnisidan ki konstituciis proeqtis ganxilva daiwyo, stalini ganuwyvetliv imeorebda, rom 1924 wlis konstitucia,romelsac aqamde “ leninis konstituciasac “ uwodebdnen ,moZvelebuli dokumentia da ganaxlebas saWiroebs.
1936 wlis konstituciis Tanaxmad, sabWoTa sazogadoeba Sedgeba ori megobruli klasisgan – muSebisa da glexebisgan. Kkonstituciis sabWoTa kavSiris yvela moqalaqisTvis uzrunvelyofilia Sromis, dasvenebis, ganaTlebis, moxucebulobaSi, avadmyofobisa da Sromis unaris dakargvis SemTxvevaSi materialuri uzrunvelyofis ufleba. rac mTavaria, konstitucia uzrunvelyofs sityvis, krebebisa da mitingebis Tavisuflebas, sazogadoebriv organizaciebad gaerTianebis uflebas,miwer-moweris Tavisuflebas.
Tavis gamosvlebSi stalini ganuwyvetliv xazs usvamda , rom axalma konstituciam axla ukve kanonierad “ gaaforma “ pirveli mravalerovani saxelmwifo msoflioSi.
axali konstituciis Tanaxmad,mkacrad isjeboda is , vinc “socialisturi sakuTrebis “ xelyofas gabedavda. aseTi punqti ar iyo 1924 wlis konstituciaSi. Sesabamisad, axali konstituciis teqstSi gaCnda punqti “ saxelmwifos sadarajoze “. sul cota xanSi naTeli gaxda, rom aseTi konstitucia stalins partiul funqcionerebTan,QZvel bolSevikebTan sabrZolvelad dasWirda.
,,arafris gamo dakarguli wlebi...”
saqarTveloSi 1955 wels gaimarTa Ria sasamarTlo procesi Sinsaxkomis maRali Tanamdebobis pirebis mimarT (e.w ,, wereTeli , rafava , ruxaZis da sxvaTa” saqme) sadac erT-erT ZiriTad braldebad figurirebda 1937-1938 wels dapatimrebulTa mimarT sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebis falsificireba da Ziebis ukanono meTodebis gamoyeneba.
saqarTveloSi am periodis ganmavlobaSi alaogiuri braldebiT, dapatimrebul iqna da samarTlda represiebis monawile Sinsaxkomis araerTi TanamSromeli (gamomZiebeli) . maT mier micemul CvenebebSi moyvanilia bevri detali , Tu rogor , sad da ra masStabebiT xdeboda daxvreTebi 30_iani wlebis represiebis periodSi. erT-erT aseT CvenebaSi , mocemulia is adgili, sadac xorcieldeboda masobrivi daxvretebi.
daxvretebi xdeboda samaod xSirad, ixvriteboda xalxi didi jgufebiT , xolo zogierT patimars daxvretebze wayvanamde aReniSneboda cemis kvali.
1937-1938 wlebSi daxvretebi xdeboda RamiT, daxvretis adgilebi naTdeboda manqanebis saSualebiT.dasaxvretad gahyavdaT xalxi didi raodenobiT , xandaxan 300 – 400 adamiani erTad.
Cveni wina TaobebisTvis stalini iyo genia, Tumca amaze axali Taobac Tanxmdeba.stalini rogorc pirovneba iyo,aris da iqneba gansjis sagani.misi qcevebi,politika yovelTvis iwvevda azrTa sxvadasxvaobas,Cveni wina Taoba fiqrobs,rom Zalian bevr SecdomasTan erTad,bevri kargi saqmec gaakeTa,bolos da bolos man xom II msofio omi moigo da daamxo germaniis fegemonia mTels msoflioSi. bevrisTvis stalini asocirdeba did da saSinel tkivilTan, sisxlisRvrasTan , erisa da qveynis ubedurebasTan, bevri maTgani iyo stalinuri represiebis momswre da TviTmxilveli, zogma ki es tkivili Tavis Tavze , ojaxis wevrebze da sayvarel adamianebze ganicada.
axlandeli TaobebisTvis Znelad aRsaqmeli da SegrZnebadia represirebul adamianTa grZnobebi da tkivilebi. albaT ar iqneba adamiani visac maTi umizezod,arafris gulisTvis tanjul sicocxleze ar SeZrwundeba da ar daewveba guli, magram bunebrivia ver eqneba igive gancdebi da grZnobebi rac maT gamoiares im periodSi.
1937 wlis represiebis erT-erTi momswre da
msxverplia barbare
andriasova.
Mmisi meuRle Salva kiRuraZe 1937 wels daapatimres da “mavneblobis” braldebiT
daxvrites. Bbarbare kiRuraZe ki,rogorc “xalxis mtris ojaxis wevri” ,
Sroma-gasworebis koloniaSi gadaasaxles. Man yazaxeTSi, temnikovskis banakSi 5
weli gaatara. saqarTveloSi dabrunebis Semdeg muSaobda arqiteqtorad. 1999 wels
gamoica misi wigni “Етому престурленино нет срока давности “.
barbare andriasovas QqaliSvili nino kiRuraZe yveba : ,,TiTqos 7 wlis viyavi rodesac arc deda myavda da arc mama.sanam deda ar Camovida mis Sesaxeb aravin arafers miyveboda.me bebia,papa da dedis Zma mzrdidnen. TiTqmis 7 wlamde viyavi aseT gaugebrobaSi,magram mere deda dabrunda. Seiqmna garkveuli problema,imitom rom me verafriT ver aRviqvavdi am qals lamazs,maRals rom is iyo Cemi axlobeli adamiani. is CemTvis ucxo adamiani iyo ojaxSi Semosuli da me albaT amas ufro advilad vitandi,magram am axalgazrda qalisTvis es iyo warmoudgeneli tragedia. rom wamovizarde bevri adamiani iyo vinc mamas icnobda da rom igebdnen me misi Svili viyavi did siyvaruls da siTbos iCendnen Cems mimarT da maSin mixvdi rom var im adamianis Svili romelic ase uyvarT mis nacnobebs da ai maSin mivxvdi rom didi ram davkarge,isini rom myolodnen meqneboda ubednieresi bavSvoba,axalgazrdoba,mivxvdi rgori frTa motexili viyavi. Ddeda daapatimres saxlSi da waiyvanes orTaWalis cixeSi,roca sakanSi Seiyvanes ambobda rom iq yvela misi nacnobi iyo da ar moxvda ucxo garemoSi. 3 Tve iyvnen es qalebi saqarTvelos cixeSi. Mmeore RamiT,Tovdao rogorc ambobda, Ria sabargo manqanaze dasves da rkinigzis sadgurisken waiyvanes.Semdeg gadasvevs iseT manqanaSi, romliTac adre albaT saqoneli gadayavdaT. Didxans midiodnen,araadamianur pirobebSi mgzavrobdnen,magram Tan werilebs werdnen da sadgurebze yridnen im imediT rom vinme mixvdeboda isini safosto yuTSi Caeyara,Tumca Cems ojaxs arcerTi werili ar miuRia.deda erTaderTi iyo visac umaRlesi ganaTleba hqonda da aZlevdnen uflebas banakidan gasuliyo , sadac aSenebda saRoreebs,saqonlis sadgomebs. “
1937 weli ! es TariRi samudamod Sevida saqarTvelos istoriaSi,rogorc didi mwuxarebisa da tragediis weli.marTlac saSineli da daundobeli iyo stalinis yoveli nabiji is yvelaze metad cdilobda gzidan CamoeSorebina qarTuli inteligencia.misi erT-erTi gamonaTqvamia: ,,sikvdili yvela problemas wyveTs.ar aris kaci,aRaraa problema.” Cemi azriT am sityvebiT yvelaferia naTqvami,adamianis mokvliT SeeZlo nebismieri problemis gadaWra.
visurvebdi rom aRarasdros momxdariyos aseTi umizezo sisxlis Rvra , adamianebisa da qveynis gaubedureba.
politikur represiad miiCneva iZulebis sxvadasxva forma- sicocxlis xelyofa, janmrTelobis dazianeba,Tavisuflebis aRkveTa,gadasaxleba,SromaSi iZulebiT Cabma,qonebis CamorTmeva da ganadgureba,agreTve saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT garantirebuli adamianis uflebebis an Tavisuflebis sxvagvari SezRudva,romelic saxelmwifom ganaxorciela politikuri motiviT sasamarTlos an sxva saxelmwifo organos gadawyvetilebiT da dakavSirebuli iyo danaSaulis CadenaSi yalb braldebasTan.
politikuri represiis msxverplad miiCneva piri,romelmac uSualod ganicada politikuri represia,aseve represiis msxverplad miiCneva politikuri represiis msxverplis meuRle , Svili (naSvilebi) , mSobeli da naTesavi,romelic masTan erTad imyofeboda Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgilebSi,gadasaxlebaSi,specialuri dasaxlebis adgilas.
gansakuTrebiT represiebis msxverplni gaxdnen qarTuli inteligenciis warmomadgenlebi: mixeil javaxiSvili, tician tabiZe, valerian gafrindaSvili, vaxtang kotetiSvili, petre ocxeli, paolo iaSvilma Tavi moikla mweralTa kavSiris SenobaSi, ivane javaxiSvili universitetidan gaaZeves, grigol robaqiZe sazRvargareT gaiqca. qarTuli kulturis moRvaweTa didma nawilma mravali weli gadasaxlebaSi da cixeebSi gaatara. sikvdiliT iqna dasjili : mixeil kaxiani, mamia oraxelaSvili,mixeil okuWava da sxva.
yoveli maTgani gasamarTlebuli iqna rogorc xalxis mteri. maTi gasamarTleba pirad kontrolze yavda ayvanili lavrenti berias da misi uSualo miTiTebebiT moxda aTaseulobiT qarTveli ojaxis daobleba da gaubedureba.
diqtaturidan-demokratiamde.
1936 wlis zafxulSi Seiqmna specialuri sakonstitucio komisia,romelsac stalini xelmZRvanelobda. 12 ivnisidan ki konstituciis proeqtis ganxilva daiwyo, stalini ganuwyvetliv imeorebda, rom 1924 wlis konstitucia,romelsac aqamde “ leninis konstituciasac “ uwodebdnen ,moZvelebuli dokumentia da ganaxlebas saWiroebs.
1936 wlis konstituciis Tanaxmad, sabWoTa sazogadoeba Sedgeba ori megobruli klasisgan – muSebisa da glexebisgan. Kkonstituciis sabWoTa kavSiris yvela moqalaqisTvis uzrunvelyofilia Sromis, dasvenebis, ganaTlebis, moxucebulobaSi, avadmyofobisa da Sromis unaris dakargvis SemTxvevaSi materialuri uzrunvelyofis ufleba. rac mTavaria, konstitucia uzrunvelyofs sityvis, krebebisa da mitingebis Tavisuflebas, sazogadoebriv organizaciebad gaerTianebis uflebas,miwer-moweris Tavisuflebas.
Tavis gamosvlebSi stalini ganuwyvetliv xazs usvamda , rom axalma konstituciam axla ukve kanonierad “ gaaforma “ pirveli mravalerovani saxelmwifo msoflioSi.
axali konstituciis Tanaxmad,mkacrad isjeboda is , vinc “socialisturi sakuTrebis “ xelyofas gabedavda. aseTi punqti ar iyo 1924 wlis konstituciaSi. Sesabamisad, axali konstituciis teqstSi gaCnda punqti “ saxelmwifos sadarajoze “. sul cota xanSi naTeli gaxda, rom aseTi konstitucia stalins partiul funqcionerebTan,QZvel bolSevikebTan sabrZolvelad dasWirda.
,,arafris gamo dakarguli wlebi...”
saqarTveloSi 1955 wels gaimarTa Ria sasamarTlo procesi Sinsaxkomis maRali Tanamdebobis pirebis mimarT (e.w ,, wereTeli , rafava , ruxaZis da sxvaTa” saqme) sadac erT-erT ZiriTad braldebad figurirebda 1937-1938 wels dapatimrebulTa mimarT sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebis falsificireba da Ziebis ukanono meTodebis gamoyeneba.
saqarTveloSi am periodis ganmavlobaSi alaogiuri braldebiT, dapatimrebul iqna da samarTlda represiebis monawile Sinsaxkomis araerTi TanamSromeli (gamomZiebeli) . maT mier micemul CvenebebSi moyvanilia bevri detali , Tu rogor , sad da ra masStabebiT xdeboda daxvreTebi 30_iani wlebis represiebis periodSi. erT-erT aseT CvenebaSi , mocemulia is adgili, sadac xorcieldeboda masobrivi daxvretebi.
daxvretebi xdeboda samaod xSirad, ixvriteboda xalxi didi jgufebiT , xolo zogierT patimars daxvretebze wayvanamde aReniSneboda cemis kvali.
1937-1938 wlebSi daxvretebi xdeboda RamiT, daxvretis adgilebi naTdeboda manqanebis saSualebiT.dasaxvretad gahyavdaT xalxi didi raodenobiT , xandaxan 300 – 400 adamiani erTad.
Cveni wina TaobebisTvis stalini iyo genia, Tumca amaze axali Taobac Tanxmdeba.stalini rogorc pirovneba iyo,aris da iqneba gansjis sagani.misi qcevebi,politika yovelTvis iwvevda azrTa sxvadasxvaobas,Cveni wina Taoba fiqrobs,rom Zalian bevr SecdomasTan erTad,bevri kargi saqmec gaakeTa,bolos da bolos man xom II msofio omi moigo da daamxo germaniis fegemonia mTels msoflioSi. bevrisTvis stalini asocirdeba did da saSinel tkivilTan, sisxlisRvrasTan , erisa da qveynis ubedurebasTan, bevri maTgani iyo stalinuri represiebis momswre da TviTmxilveli, zogma ki es tkivili Tavis Tavze , ojaxis wevrebze da sayvarel adamianebze ganicada.
axlandeli TaobebisTvis Znelad aRsaqmeli da SegrZnebadia represirebul adamianTa grZnobebi da tkivilebi. albaT ar iqneba adamiani visac maTi umizezod,arafris gulisTvis tanjul sicocxleze ar SeZrwundeba da ar daewveba guli, magram bunebrivia ver eqneba igive gancdebi da grZnobebi rac maT gamoiares im periodSi.
barbare andriasovas QqaliSvili nino kiRuraZe yveba : ,,TiTqos 7 wlis viyavi rodesac arc deda myavda da arc mama.sanam deda ar Camovida mis Sesaxeb aravin arafers miyveboda.me bebia,papa da dedis Zma mzrdidnen. TiTqmis 7 wlamde viyavi aseT gaugebrobaSi,magram mere deda dabrunda. Seiqmna garkveuli problema,imitom rom me verafriT ver aRviqvavdi am qals lamazs,maRals rom is iyo Cemi axlobeli adamiani. is CemTvis ucxo adamiani iyo ojaxSi Semosuli da me albaT amas ufro advilad vitandi,magram am axalgazrda qalisTvis es iyo warmoudgeneli tragedia. rom wamovizarde bevri adamiani iyo vinc mamas icnobda da rom igebdnen me misi Svili viyavi did siyvaruls da siTbos iCendnen Cems mimarT da maSin mixvdi rom var im adamianis Svili romelic ase uyvarT mis nacnobebs da ai maSin mivxvdi rom didi ram davkarge,isini rom myolodnen meqneboda ubednieresi bavSvoba,axalgazrdoba,mivxvdi rgori frTa motexili viyavi. Ddeda daapatimres saxlSi da waiyvanes orTaWalis cixeSi,roca sakanSi Seiyvanes ambobda rom iq yvela misi nacnobi iyo da ar moxvda ucxo garemoSi. 3 Tve iyvnen es qalebi saqarTvelos cixeSi. Mmeore RamiT,Tovdao rogorc ambobda, Ria sabargo manqanaze dasves da rkinigzis sadgurisken waiyvanes.Semdeg gadasvevs iseT manqanaSi, romliTac adre albaT saqoneli gadayavdaT. Didxans midiodnen,araadamianur pirobebSi mgzavrobdnen,magram Tan werilebs werdnen da sadgurebze yridnen im imediT rom vinme mixvdeboda isini safosto yuTSi Caeyara,Tumca Cems ojaxs arcerTi werili ar miuRia.deda erTaderTi iyo visac umaRlesi ganaTleba hqonda da aZlevdnen uflebas banakidan gasuliyo , sadac aSenebda saRoreebs,saqonlis sadgomebs. “
1937 weli ! es TariRi samudamod Sevida saqarTvelos istoriaSi,rogorc didi mwuxarebisa da tragediis weli.marTlac saSineli da daundobeli iyo stalinis yoveli nabiji is yvelaze metad cdilobda gzidan CamoeSorebina qarTuli inteligencia.misi erT-erTi gamonaTqvamia: ,,sikvdili yvela problemas wyveTs.ar aris kaci,aRaraa problema.” Cemi azriT am sityvebiT yvelaferia naTqvami,adamianis mokvliT SeeZlo nebismieri problemis gadaWra.
visurvebdi rom aRarasdros momxdariyos aseTi umizezo sisxlis Rvra , adamianebisa da qveynis gaubedureba.
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